College Admission Essay

School Admission Essay School Admission Essay Whilewriting affirmation paper, you ought to comprehend that the entrance advisory board needs you to show your composing abilities of a school level. It implies that you ought to write in a decent English language and have the option to utilize it to convince the peruser. They're not keen on your jargon abilities, so don't utilize unordinary words. Utilize the words the importance of which you comprehend. They need to see that you get sentence and section structure and can compose a story article without any preparation. Affirmation officials need to see that you realize what a story exposition is. In the event that you don't have the foggiest idea what it is, an account article is basically a story which should tell the affirmations official. Your school confirmation paper ought to be brief, coherent and have an influential end. Your confirmation paper should seem as though you are recounting to a story. It ought to be unique and bring fascinating thoughts. Confirmation exposition ought to be written in a voice that is your own, which implies it can have its own punctuation and structure. You have the chance to communicate through confirmation exposition composing. Allow the confirmation official to comprehend who you are instead of rehash what has been seen in different applications. Obviously, every affirmation official has his own perspective about great school confirmation article. Notwithstanding, it's not possible for anyone to contend that amazing syntax, great structure, lucidity, and genuineness are not the highlights of the great confirmation article. Along these lines, in the event that you can arrive at these primary highlights, your odds to be conceded essentially increment. Peruse too: Confirmation Essay Topics You, as school candidate, expected to compose a confirmation article without any preparation. You have to offer a response to the particular inquiry. For instance, if your confirmation exposition needs to cover your life needs, make a point to compose affirmation article just about existence needs, not about encounters from youth. Expound on something you have done, the affirmations officials would prefer not to find out about your arrangements to spare the planet from an Earth-wide temperature boost. They need to know your accomplishments, how you went through most recent two years and what the most significant thing from your viewpoint. In the event that you are picking a point, we can't state which one is fortunate or unfortunate, however be certain the subject about your medication use or sexual coexistence won't intrigue affirmation officials. They acknowledge humor, however in case you're not amusing face to face, you shouldn't attempt to be so on paper. Regardless, you ought t o have another person perused your paper. It is a smart thought to give your confirmation article to an educator or approach proficient proofreader for help. Affirmation Essay Writing Service Affirmation article doesn't need to be great, be that as it may, it must be eye-catching and noteworthy. In the event that you don't know in your capacity to accomplish these goals and produce affirmation article of premium quality, you are free to demand proficient confirmation exposition composing help at .com. We are mindful to your necessities and give just specially composed confirmation exposition! Fascinating themes: Pay For Essay Exposition Company Ruler of the Flies Essay Police Performance Term Paper Little Prince Reaction Paper

Assessing The Difference Between Crime And Defiance Criminology Essay

Surveying The Difference Between Crime And Defiance Criminology Essay Wrongdoing and Deviance, is a significant subject which influences generally every general public in todays world. When characterizing wrongdoing and abnormality, it will depend of the standards and estimations of a general public. Numerous social orders have a wide range of qualities and standards. Standards of society, is the place all general public individuals are relied upon to fit in with specific practices. Estimations of a general public, is the place a general public qualities something which all general public individuals fit in with. For instance, numerous social orders esteem specific sorts of religion, for example, Christianity or Buddhism and numerous different kinds of religion. Wrongdoing in the public eye, is typically unmistakable, that it conflicts with the laws of society. Individuals who carry out wrongdoings, are violating the law and whenever got, must be rebuffed. Individuals can be rebuffed for carrying out violations, for example, thievery, harm to people groups property, murder and ambush. Individuals who are seen as liable of carrying out wrongdoings, must be rebuffed by the official courtrooms. Wrongdoing is a relative idea. This implies how a general public perspectives criminal acts, can contrast. Criminal acts in a single society, may not be viewed as a criminal demonstration in another general public. Society may likewise vary in how to rebuff individuals for perpetrating explicit criminal acts. (Brush and Selznick, 1963 p 540,541). When taking a gander at wrongdoing in the public eye, it is imperative to take a gander at the physiological and mental methodologies comparable to wrongdoing. These methodologies have been censured. Taking a gander at the physiological methodology, a natural hypothesis was completed by Cesare Lombroso. Cesare Lombroso, attempted to see whether there was an association among wrongdoing and organic causes. In 1876, Cesare Lombroso did inquire about called LUomo Delinquente. Cesare Lombroso (1835 1909), thought of the proposal that crooks could be distinguished utilizing certain physical characterisitics, for example, huge jaws, low temples and exorbitant body hair. Cesare Lombrosos work was excused, in light of the fact that the hypothesis was just centered around the hoodlums, in jail. This hypothesis neglected to consider, why a few people who have comparative human properties, are found all through the world. The hypothesis, neglected to clarify how certain physical human characteristics recognize crooks from individuals who don't carry out crimes. (Macionis and Plummer,1998. P207) The mental methodology proposes that criminal conduct, could be disclosed because of the people mental make up and procedures, for example, character, as opposed to the people physical attributes. Hans Eysenck, completed research in Crime and character in 1964. Hans Eysenck, proposed that it was conceivable that specific character qualities that individuals have can make certain individuals impervious to train than others.(Stephenson,1992. Page 7). Hans Eysenck likewise recommended that individuals with certain character attributes would be bound to perpetrate criminal behaviours.(Stephenson,1992. Page 7). By and large, utilizing the physiological and mental methodology has been censured as it doesn't consider a few factors, for example, investigating how originations of good and bad at first rise,.(Macionis and Plummer,1998. P208). Aberrance can be characterized as conduct which doesn't fit in with specific standards of a particular society.(Haralambos Holborn,2008). Aberrance can be clarified as a more extensive term than wrongdoing. It isn't explicit and freak conduct may not be criminal. Degenerate conduct can be sure and the conduct can be remunerated. A case of positive degenerate conduct can be troopers battling for their nation. They might be remunerated for their valiance and mental fortitude. Freak conduct can likewise be negative. A case of antagonistic degenerate conduct may incorporate individuals who submit murder. This may conflict with the societys estimation of the value of each person and standards, bringing about serious discipline. Some degenerate conduct might be endured in todays society. The conduct isn't rebuffed or compensated, by society individuals. (Haralambos Holborn,2008 P.321). Numerous social orders have acknowledged same sex connections and families, which would not have been acknowledged numerous years back. They are not compensated or rebuffed, they are endured in the general public. Laws of society can change, which depends on the standards and estimations of society individuals. As change can occur, wrongdoing and abnormality can change too. It is exceptionally hard to give full meaning of abnormality, as there is no finished way. It is a wide territory of research. Conduct which was seen as unsuitable and freak, might be acknowledged in todays society or later on. For instance, in certain societies in the past it was viewed as freak for ladies to smoke and to wear make up in broad daylight places. These days, ladies have more opportunity to wear make up or to smoke in broad daylight places. Another model is homosexuality. Prior to 1969, it was unlawful for men to have gay relations. As the laws changed in 1969, it was made lawful that men beyond twenty one years old could have gay relations.(Haralambos Holborn, 2008. P322). The acclaimed essayist, Oscar Wilde was detained for having an unlawful relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas before the 1967 Sexual Offenses Act was passed. (Johnston,2002.) Abnormality is socially determined(Haralambos Holborn,2008. P322). This implies freak conduct can change because of various societies or a few social orders may acknowledge particular sorts of practices, though different social orders may discover the conduct unsuitable. (Haralambos Holborn, 2008 p 322). The functionalist hypothesis corresponding to the subject wrongdoing and aberrance is functionalists consider society to be an entire, utilizing a full scale level methodology. Functionalists center around additional on the wellsprings of aberrance in the public eye, not how individuals submit freak conduct in a general public. Functionalists propose that wrongdoing and abnormality can give an a positive capacity in the public arena. Individuals may feel as a feature of a network and all the more piece of a general public. A case of this is the point at which the Dunblane Tragedy happened. This influenced numerous individuals, which shaped even more a closeness in the public eye. Emile Durkheim proposed that a specific degree of wrongdoing and abnormality is vital, all together for a general public to work. The wrongdoing and abnormality levels may get useless if crime percentages increment. This can make a general public whose social request is disturbed, which can make social turmo il. On the off chance that crime percentages decline, stagnation may happen where the general public may not work appropriately. Robert Merton (1968) recommends that anomie, where individuals feel normlessness in a general public, could occur if a general public doesn't work appropriately. Emile Durkheim additionally recommended that a few citizenry, may defy societys standards and qualities. A few people may have various perspectives on the standards and estimations of society. Functionalists likewise propose the wrongdoing can deliver work for individuals in the public eye. Functionalists propose that without crooks, numerous individuals in the police power, jail laborers, court laborers would not have business. A case of a Functionalist hypothesis on Crime and Deviance is Emile Durkheims investigation of suicide(1897). Durkheim principally centered around self destruction rates to check whether there was any social conditions which could impact or debilitate individuals from ending it all. Emile Durkheim saw that self destruction rates appeared to increase more during times of political hardship during 1848, around various European nations. Emile Durkheim perceived that self destruction rates may be identified with social security and reconciliation of society. Utilizing this hypothesis, Emile Durkheim utilized an alternate arrangement of information, principally from European nations. Watching the self destruction rates in various European nations he saw that they were equivalently contrasts yet started to see a theme. Most nations who rehearsed Protestant as their religion had the most noteworthy self destruction rates than nations who primarily rehearsed Catholic as their religion. Primary protestant nations had one hundred and ninety suicides for each million individuals. These figures were contrasted with blended protestant and catholic confidence nations who had ninety six suicides for each million individuals. Fundamental catholic nations had fifty eight suicide s for each million individuals. Emile Durkheim started to think about whether there was a connection among self destruction and religion. Durkheim attempted to take a gander at different factors, for example, monetary and social contrasts. Subsequent to taking a gander at the self destruction paces of Bavaria in Germany where predominantly catholic individuals remained there was a low number of suicides. Emile Durkheim at that point took a gander at the self destruction paces of Prussia where fundamentally individuals had a protestant confidence. He noticed that Prussia had a higher self destruction rate than Bavaria. Emile Durkheim at that point presumed that religion is identified with self destruction. Utilizing this hypothesis and the data he gathered previously, he inferred that self destruction can be because of Anomie. This implies when a general public is normlessness, where there is absence of social soundness and coordination. During political hardship, individuals may fee l not a piece of society and feel self destruction is the main way out. Durkheim reasoned that there is low self destruction rates in Catholic nations on the grounds that there was progressively social control and solidness that the religion brings than the protestant nations. Durkheim reasons that social soundness and incorporation goes about as an insurance for individuals in the public eye from instability and self destruction. To assess the Functionalist point of view on wrongdoing and abnormality, is that the functionalist hypothesis gives a large scale level methodology. It takes a gander at the master plan, giving more understanding into how a general public structures identifying with wrongdoing and abnormality. It gives a superior discussion, with respect to how the organic hypothesis identifies with wrongdoing. Anomie, depicted in Robert Mertons hypothesis (1968) gives more inside and out sociological deduction, into todays society. In any case, Emile Durkheim was scrutinized for utilizing measurements that was questionable in his investigation of suicide(1897). Durkheims measurements, were just utilized in Europe. No different countrys measurements was utilized, so the hypothesis can not be identified with different nations. The measurements

Statistics on Marijuana Use by Teens

Statistics on Marijuana Use by Teens Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Statistics on Teenage Marijuana Use By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019 Doug Menuez / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Marijuana use is common among teens, yet, many parents still dont believe their teen would ever smoke pot. There are also many misconceptions about marijuanaâ€"especially now that medical marijuana is being used by many people with health conditions and several states are legalizing recreational pot use. Many parents also think pot must be harmless because they believe its a natural herb. But a review published in 2014 suggests marijuana can have harmful effects on a teens developing brain.?? Its important to understand how common marijuana use is among todays teens. Understanding the risks, dangers, facts, and statistics can help you address the issue with your teen. Statistics While a lengthy lecture isnt likely to be helpful, sharing a few statistics about marijuana could educate your teen about the risks and dangers. Here are a few statistics that might make your teen think twice about smoking pot: People who use marijuana prior to the age of 12 are twice as likely to experience a serious mental illness compared to those who first use marijuana at age 18 or older.Among persons aged 18 or older who reported lifetime marijuana use, almost 53 percent  report first using marijuana between ages 12 and 17. About 2 percent report that they first used marijuana before age 12.In 2010, 21 percent  of high school seniors used marijuana in the past 30 days, while 19 percent smoked cigarettes.Nineteen percent of  teen drivers  reports they have driven under the influence of marijuana.Marijuana accounts for 17 percent  of admissions to treatment facilities in the United States, second only to opiates among illicit substances. Facts Marijuana is addictive. About 1 in 6 people who start using as a teen, and 25-50 percent of those who use it every day, become addicted to marijuana.??Marijuana and teen driving do not mix. It is the most common illegal drug found in drivers who die in accidents (around 14 percent  of drivers), sometimes in combination with alcohol or other drugs.??Marijuana is most common drug among teens. More teenage girls use marijuana than cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, and all other illicit drugs combined.Marijuana use may precede depression. Research from 2006 shows girls (ages 14-15) who used marijuana daily were 5 times more likely to face depression at age 21.?? Daily use in young women was associated with an over five-fold increase in the odds of reporting a state of depression and anxiety.Marijuana offenses carry serious legal consequences. Although the laws vary greatly by state and country, some regions impose very strict consequences for teenage offenders. Talk to Your Teen Dont wait for your teen to bring up the subject of marijuana. Start a conversation today. Find out what your teen knows already and be prepared to share the facts. Take steps to build credibility so your teen will value what you have to say. Discuss the dangers of using marijuana and make sure your teen fully understands the risks. Hold  ongoing conversations about the dangers of marijuana use. Discuss changes in the law or bring up the subject when there are stories about marijuana in the news. Find out what your teen is hearing from other sources too. Friends, social media, and other websites often promote marijuana and they may give your teen false information about drugs. Its important for you to be able to provide factual information.

maya Angelou Graduation - 1259 Words

09/19/2014 Maya Angelou - Graduation Graduation is an important transition time in every person’s life. It is about moving on to something better and more important and to use your knowledge to achieve life goals. This is what the children attending the grammar school believed as well, including Maya Angelou. Given from her point of view, the story Graduation has ethos because as an African American girl, she shared the same thoughts and feelings as everyone standing on the stage or in the auditorium when Mr. Edward Donleavy passively demeaned everything the students had worked so hard to achieve. This story is told by a women who had surpassed all of the difficulties in life to get to this day, and through her learned, and†¦show more content†¦This may evoke pity from the reader, or simply add intrigue from how she connects it with school. ! Inequality between African Americans and whites was emphasized strongly by Angelou. When Angelou is walking up the hill to her school, she describes the gloomy atmosphere surrounding it—foreshadowing what is to come. When inside the auditorium she also notes that something feels off. Once the two white men walk on stage, the entire atmosphere returns to this gloomy awareness. The use of â€Å"Amen† throughout the speech is a sad reminder of their inequality: it was an automatic response as well as showing how they were lesser than him since no one contended anything he said. Angelou describes the feeling she got when listening to his speech (â€Å"The manÊ ¼s dead words fell like bricks around the auditorium and too many settled in my belly.†) (29). The fact that everyone just accepted that he was devaluing their achievements and their possibilities made her resign to it as well. While reading this section it makes the reader sympathize with her and brings them closer together. ! AngelouÊ ¼s entire story was about sharing her experience with the outside world and open them up to the fact that African Americans are not below us and are not lesser. It makes people realize that what they work so hard to achieve—what anyone works so hard to achieve—can be spit on once and affect their goals and aspirations to no end. It makes people think twice beforeShow MoreRelatedMaya Angelou s Graduation Day862 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscouraging comments about themselves, their confidence lowers, however, when a person hears uplifting and encouraging compliments, their confidence rises. These ideas appear multiple times throughout Maya Angelou’s, â€Å"Graduation Day†. The story refers to a young girl graduating the eighth grade. Maya Angelou encountered many people who challenged her personal growth because of the words spoken to her. Although common belief states words have no power, words have the power to influence an audience. WordsRead MoreMaya Angelou s Graduation Day1038 Words   |  5 Pagesthe words that lends significance to the inspirational speeches and songs held so dearly in the hearts of many. Due to their significant daily presence, words hold an immense power. In Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Graduation Day,† she carefully describes the intense negative power one man’s words have on an entire community. Angelou also illustrates a very emotional positive power that a boy’s words have in lifting the congregation’s spirits up. Words are depicted as powerful because when used in certain way, theyRead MoreGraduation Speech By Maya Angelou1566 Words   |  7 PagesFebruary 18, 2016 Graduation Graduation is a ceremony that almost every single person is familiar with, thus building the connection of the reader. Graduation is an important transition in one’s life. It represents an accomplishment and signifies moving on to something better, more important and the pathway to use one’s knowledge to achieve one’s life goals. It calls for a celebration along with a grand commencement among family, friends, and peers. Maya Angelou’s, â€Å"Graduation†, is about a youngRead MoreGraduation by Maya Angelou Critique1386 Words   |  6 Pages121 SL May 9, 2012 â€Å"Graduation† Critique â€Å"Graduation† was written by Maya Angelou in 1969. Angelou was born in Missouri, but after her parents divorced, she was sent to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, Angelou attended the Lafayette County Training School. The school is the setting for her essay â€Å"Graduation.† Angelou graduated from eighth grade at Lafayette with top honors and went on to graduate from high school. After high school, Angelou wrote over thirty playsRead MoreAnalysis Of Graduation By Maya Angelou960 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou Racial segregation was very dominant in the United States in the mid nineteen hundreds. This is the time that Maya Angelou was graduating from the eighth grade in Stamps Arkansas. The theme of racial segregation is well shown by the how different the schools of the African-Americans was compared to that of whites in the essay â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou. In the essay the Angelou points out that Lafayette County Training School didn’t have a lawn, hedges, tennisRead MoreAnalysis Of Graduation By Maya Angelou766 Words   |  4 Pagesthat teaches you a lesson for us in order to win the journey of our life. In the essay, Graduation, Maya Angelou states about the unfair treatment of whites against the African Americans during the graduation. There are situations in life where we feel discriminated but no matter what we have to gain the strength to prosper. In this article, Angelou talks about her eight-grade graduation experience. Angelou mainly focused about the unfair treatment of African Americans during that time becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Graduation Day By Maya Angelou728 Words   |  3 PagesAre encouraging words the uniting force when fighting injustice? In â€Å"Graduation Day,† Maya Angelou addresses how encouraging words affected the injustice she faced as a child. Angelou informs her audience about the influence encouraging words had on her and the people in her community. These uplifting words united her community in a time of overwhelming bias. Encouraging words unite oppressed people to fight injustice. Spiritual words unite communities to fight injustice and practice in good worksRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Mary Crow Dog And Graduation By Maya Angelou1640 Words   |  7 Pageswriting to be effective or not. Mary Crow Dog and Maya Angelou are both effective rhetors because their rhetorical situations work together to make their essays compelling. â€Å"Civilize Them with a Stick† by Mary Crow Dog and â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou each introduce effective rhetorical situations as they establish their individual identity through their educational experiences. â€Å"Civilize Them with a Stick† by Mary Crow Dog and â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou are each experts of autobiographies writtenRead MoreThe Comparison Of Hunger Of Memory By Richard Rodriguez And Graduation By Maya Angelou926 Words   |  4 PagesThe comparison of Hunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez and Graduation by Maya Angelou are the two characters that went through a similar education while growing up from elementary to high school. Rodriguez and his family moved in a neighborhood where they were only near the Caucasians. All of their neighbors were Caucasian including, Rodriguez and his siblings went to a Catholic School. While he was learning in school Rodriguez loved to read and wanted to become a writer when he grew up. After graduatingRead MoreUxt Task 1945 Words   |  4 Pagesreading, â€Å"Still I Rise†, by Maya Angelou, I immediately get a sense of perseverance and pride. The author seems to be addressing her adversaries directly through her words. I love the imagery used in this poem. I can almost see the dust rising and can feel the swelling of the black ocean that the author mentions. â€Å"Cause I walk like I got oil wells pumping in my living room†(Angelou, 1978), and, â€Å"Laugh like I’ve got gold mines diggin’ in my own back yard† (Angelou, 1978), tells me that the author

Twelfth night- mistaken identity - 1169 Words

Coursework- The comedy in ‘Twelfth Night’ is largely generated by episodes involving mistaken identity. How far do you agree? William Shakespeare, in his well-known comic play, Twelfth Night, creates a plot that revolves around mistaken identity and deception. Mistaken identity, along with disguises, affects the lives of several of the characters. Shakespeare s techniques involve mistaken identity to bring comedy, mystery, and complication to the play. Some characters in this play turn to disguise in order to succeed in life, beginning with Viola in the exposition; who disguises herself as a eunuch and goes by the name of Cesario to be able to work for the Duke. Furthermore, Malvolio who is portrayed as crazy†¦show more content†¦Through Viola s change in identity, this situation of mistaken identity creates conflict throughout the characters and also the audience. Dramatic irony then occurs when Viola falls in love with Orsino. While the love of Orsino, Olivia, falls madly in love with Viola. Olivia is now in love with a woman, and Orsino often remarks on Cesario s beauty, suggesting that he is at tracted to Viola even before her male disguise is removed. This adds comedy to the play as it refers to a same sex couple and in the Elizabethan era, this was wrong. However, when seen on stage in a play, it is seen as funny to the audience simply because it is out of the ordinary. HOW IS THIS FUNNY? The final theme of mistaken identity, complication and deception is revealed at the end of the play when the true identities of Viola and Sebastian are shown. The reveal explains a lot which has happened in the play including the confusion with Sebastian between Sir Toby and Andrew; we finally find out that Sir Toby and Maria are secretly married meaning that Twelfth Night certainly ends with a happy ending. This is traditionally comic as in the Elizabethan era, a marriage at the end of a play symbolised a happy ending which also follows the Greek comedy convention. The theme ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Disguises and Mistaken Identity in Twelfth Night1372 Words   |  6 PagesMistaken identity and disguise are important aspects of comedy in Twelfth Night that stand at the forefront of the play’s comedy. Not only are mistaken identities and disguise evident within the main plot of the play but also in various other situations. Sexual confusion amongst characters, subversion of gender roles and farcical elements through stagecraft all effectively contribute to the dramatic comedy genre. However, it can be suggested that certain elements of Twelfth Night are not interpretedRead MoreEssay about Mistaken Identity for Twelfth Night786 Words   |  4 PagesMistaken Identity William Shakespeare, in his well-known comedy Twelfth Night, creates a plot that revolves around mistaken identity and deception. Mistaken identity, along with disguises, rules the play and affects the lives of several of the characters. Shakespeares techniques involve mistaken identity to bring humor, mystery, and complication to the play. Many characters in Twelfth Night assume disguises, beginning with Viola who is disguised as a eunuch, Maria who writes a letter to MalvolioRead Moremistaken identities and misunderstanding within twelfth night1829 Words   |  8 Pagesrelies on familiar sources of misunderstanding’. To what extent are mistaken identities and misunderstanding central to the comedy of ‘Twelfth Night’? Much of the Shakespeare’s ‘Twelfth Night’ focuses on misconceptions and the way disguises cause the root of misunderstandings in which mistaken identities arise, a fortuitous device for complicating action. Critic John Hollander described the play to be a ‘ritualized Twelfth Night festivity in itself’ . The comedic aspect is all due to the privilegedRead More Comparing Mistaken Identity in Merchant of Venice, Comedy Errors, Twelfth Night and As You Like It1115 Words   |  5 PagesMistaken Identity in Merchant of Venice, Comedy of Errors, Twelfth Night and As You Like It   Ã‚  The ploy of mistaken identity as a plot device in writing comedies dates back at least to the times of the Greeks and Romans in the writings of Menander and Plautus. Shakespeare borrowed the device they introduced and developed it into a fine art as a means of expressing theme as well as furthering comic relief in his works. Shakespeares artistic development is clearly shown in the four comediesRead MoreMisinterpretations Of Love In Twelfth Night By William Shakespeare1021 Words   |  5 Pages Twelfth Night Behind the Mask Love can not hide behind a mask forever in the end truth will prevail. In the play Twelfth Night written by William Shakespeare there are many circumstances where there are misinterpretations of love in various romantic relationships. There are many instances where characters where used disguises were used to create plot development. In Shakespeare play trickery was used to create plot development. Mistaken identity was used to create a complicated love triangle. ShakespeareRead MoreConcealment in the Twelfth Night Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesBritish Literature: Concealment in Twelfth Night Throughout Twelfth Night, concealment influences each character’s life because it’s essential to portray how falsehood can be amusing or agonizing before they can discover their identity in life. Therefore, the concept of concealment not only affects the characters’ mistaken identities and abilities to express true love, but it gives the story comedic and entertaining qualities. Furthermore, concealment portrayed throughout this story makes eachRead More The Purpose of Disguise in Twelfth Night Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesTheme of Disguise in Twelfth Night The notion of disguise is very important theme within Twelfth Night.   From my point of view I feel that the crux of the play is primarily based on this concept.   Indeed theres something in it that is deceivable summarizes this point precisely.   Disguise runs like a thread through the play from start to end and holds it all together just as tightly as thread would fabric.   Yet, paradoxically as the plot progresses there are many problems, deceptions andRead MoreThe Limitations Of Frye s Green World 1729 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the limitations of Frye’s ‘Green World’ model as applied to ‘Twelfth Night’ by William Shakespeare? Twelfth Night was thought to be written in 1600-1. The play – known for adhering to a genre of romantic comedy by utilising pathos combined with humour – is listed under comedies in the First Folio of 1623 with another of Shakespeare’s works As You Like It. Twelfth Night adheres to Frye’s theory to some extent. The old world, one of repression, is conveyed through the puritanical beliefs ofRead MoreThe Impervious Perception of William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night1631 Words   |  7 PagesIn the kingdom of Illyria (fantasy world), Twelfth Night was supposedly originally written for the entertainment of Queen Elizabeth I. William Shakespeare’s comedy associates with the Feast of Epiphany (January 6th) and was means for entertainment in the seventeenth century. It contains some aspects that can be thought of as a successful comedy when compared to the standards of today’s society. The play incorporates some of the very same devices that a re used in modern comedies today, such as topsy-turvyRead MoreTwelfth Night Analysis779 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is a well-known Christmas play, it is considered as one of the most successful comedies. The play starts when Viola and her twin brother, Sebastian, survive a shipwreck. When they cannot find each other, each thinks the other may be dead. Then they move on to two separate ways, establishing two story lines that finally meet with each other after involving funny mistaken identities. The love bug in the comedy bites not only Olivia and Orsino, but also Sebastian

The 2007 to 2011 Financial Crisis Causes, Effects and Lessons Free Essays

Abstract This paper provides a brief examination of the immediate causes and effects of the 2007 financial crisis, as well as an overview of lessons learned from it. I conclude that failure to properly regulate and supervise financial institutions set the stage for the crisis, while the US residential mortgage boom and bust triggered it. A credit freeze, bankruptcies, and hundreds of billions in government rescue ensued, resulting in a general economic downturn. We will write a custom essay sample on The 2007 to 2011 Financial Crisis Causes, Effects and Lessons or any similar topic only for you Order Now The legacy of the crisis should be seen as an opportunity to revise the financial system as a whole. Introduction The financial crisis that started in 2007 is the result of complex, interconnected, and simultaneous developments[1]. As such, I focus my analysis on the United States[2] and two distinct direct causes: (1) erroneous bank regulation – which destabilized the financial system – and (2) the pre-crisis real estate boom and bust. Whereas the former conditioned the crisis, the latter was its catalyst. In this brief essay, I discuss only the most important and immediate effects of the crisis – those that emerged between 2007 and 2012 – and discuss the conclusions that can be drawn accordingly. 1. Regulation destabilized the financial system Regulation of US banks by the Fed, SEC, and FDIC,[3] as well as other regulatory agencies, contributed significantly to the erosion of financial system stability (Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2012, p.86). For example, in 1996, the Fed legitimized the use of Credit Default Swaps (CDS) as risk-hedging instruments (Levine 2010, p. 202, Appendix 1) and as a result many banks developed massive exposures (Figure 1) – AIG held over $500 billion in 2007 – while others were able to reduce their capital reserves by up to half in percentage terms (Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2012, p.92). Figure 1: CDS market volume Q1 2001 to Q2 2007, trillion US$ (International Securities and Derivatives Association cited in Baily, Litan and Johnson, 2008) Another example is the SEC’s use of the â€Å"NRSRO† designation,[4] which led to a serious misalignment of credit rating agencies’ business incentives and resulted in inflationary provisions of investment-grade ratings for risky securities. This further deteriorated the viability of banks’ balance sheets (see Appendix 2). 1.1 Residential mortgage boom and bust Simultaneously, the US residential real estate bubble (inspired by the assumption that housing prices would only go up) fueled excessive issuance of home mortgages (Figure 2). In turn, unsound lending practices, especially in sub-prime mortgage lending, bolstered housing prices by pushing demand, while filling institutions’ balance sheets with unrecognized risk (Barth 2009, p.92). The attractiveness of mortgages as â€Å"fail-safe† investments prompted many banks to shift their business model from â€Å"originate-to-hold† to â€Å"originate-to-sell†; instead of buying mortgages as an investment that generated a steady cash flow, banks securitized and sold them (Barth 2009, p.22). This effectively removed any incentive to analyze and control risk. However, this â€Å"out-of-sight-out-of-mind† mentality did not account for the fact that banks that securitized mortgages and invested in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) were often identical. Thus, risk w as absent from balance sheets, but implicitly present in securities holdings (Appendix 3). Figure 2: SP-Shiller housing prices index (monthly), January 2001 to August 2012 (Standard Poor’s Financial Services LLC, 2012) The convoluted system of securitization faltered when housing prices started to decline and mortgage borrowers defaulted (Figure 3). This dried up the cash flow of mortgage-backed securities and made them virtually worthless; banks that relied on them to meet their obligations encountered trouble. Moreover, complex securitization practices made the extent of any one institution’s exposure anyone’s guess. Since, no one could be certain which banks would live to see another day, interbank lending froze. In short, not only did financial institutions possess worthless assets, but they were also unable to bridge shortages in cash (Figure 4).[5] In addition, mass defaults activated billions of dollars in CDS obligations and bankrupted all who were over-exposed. Figure 3: Increase of delinquency rates (percent) of subprime loans between 2003 and 2007 (Arentsen, Mauer, Rosenlund, Zhang and Zhao, 2012, p.39) Figure 4: Increase of the Federal Funds rate (percent, monthly) indicates interbank lending crisis (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012) 2. Financial collapse and economic downturn The immediate effects of the crisis are well known. Banks previously considered untouchable filed for bankruptcy (e.g. Lehmann Brothers), while others were acquired (Merrill Lynch by Bank of America), bailed-out, or taken over by the government (AIG and the GSEs Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). Soon, the credit freeze affected the remaining economy as financing investments and borrowing became increasingly difficult. For example, between 2007 and 2009, approximately 8.8 million American jobs disappeared, U.S. GDP fell by more than five percent from its pre-recession peak (Treasury 2012), and the SP 500 lost about 57 percent of its value (Lleo and Ziemba, 2011). Perhaps most famously, without governmental assistance, American automobile manufacturers GM and Chrysler would have become insolvent (Stewart 2012). Yet another legacy cost is the enormous government debt that resulted from rescues and other economic resuscitation programs (Barth 2009). The crisis spread internationally (and most damagingly to Europe) because substantial loan derivatives were sold abroad. This does not imply that the U.S. is to blame for the crisis; every government had access to the same information as Fed, SEC, and FDIC, yet nearly all failed to recognize and address the systemic problem (Cox, Faucette and Lickstein, 2010). 4. Lessons Mostly importantly, the crisis exposed the colossal failure of bank regulators,[6] and prompted a fundamental restructuring of banking regulation (such as the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act). In addition, the excessive complexity and behemoth size of the financial system have come under intense scrutiny. An important question has emerged from this examination, which asks, considering TARP[7], are some financial institutions â€Å"too big to fail?† (Greeley 2012). Moreover, the crisis has spawned a reexamination of the desirability of â€Å"laissez-faire† within the financial markets – that is, to what degree can market forces be relied upon to avert crises (Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2012, p.90)? Conclusion The financial crisis that began in 2007 still troubles us today. While some financial institutions have collapsed, those that remain have had to fundamentally rethink their role as credit providers. Governments were left with tremendous financial commitments, tasked with deconstructing the moral hazard of bank bailouts, and with regulating and supervising the financial system more efficiently. History has shown us that financial crises are a cyclical occurrence. Thus the question must be, can the cycle be broken, or is the next crisis waiting in the wings? Bibliography Arentsen, E., Mauer, D.C., Rosenlund, B., Zhang, H.H., Zhao, F., 2012. Subprime Mortgage Defaults and Credit Default Swaps. [pdf] University of British Columbia Sauder School of Business. Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Baily, M.N., Litan, R.E. and Johnson, M.S., 2008. The Origins of the Financial Crisis. [online] Brookings Institution. Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Bank of International Settlement (BIS), 2012. Detailed tables on semiannual OTC derivatives statistics at end-June 2012. [online] Available at: [Accessed 26 November 2012]. Barth J.R., 2009. The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Mortgage and Credit Market. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Barth, J.R., Caprio, G. and Levine, R., 2012. Guardians of Finance, making regulators work for us. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Barth, J.R., Caprio, G. and Levine, R., 2012. Rethinking Bank Regulation, till angels govern. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. Congressional Budget Office, 2012. Report on the Troubled Asset Relief Program—October 2012. [pdf]. Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Cox, J., Faucette, J. and Lickstein, C.V., 2010. Why Did the Credit Crisis Spread to Global Markets[pdf] The University of Iowa Center for International Finance and Development. Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. Effective Federal Funds Rate (FEDFUNDS). [online] Available at: [Accessed 26 November 2012]. Greeley, B., 2012. The Price of Too Big Too Fail. Bloomberg Businessweek, [online] Available at: [Accessed 26 November 2012]. Jickling, M., 2009. Causes of the Financial Crisis. [online] Congressional Research Service. Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Kohn D.L., 2010. The Federal Reserve’s Policy Actions during the Financial Crisis and Lessons for the Future. [online] Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Levine, R., 2010. An autopsy of the US ?nancial system: accident, suicide, or negligent homicide, Journal of Financial Economic Policy. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Lleo, S. and Ziemba, W.T., 2011. Stock Market Crashes in 2007-2009: Were We Able to Predict Them[pdf] Available through Social Sciences Research Network website [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Pagliari, S. and Young, K.L., 2012. Leveraged Interests: Financial Industry Power and the Role of Private Sector Coalitions. [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Standard Poor’s Financial Services LLC, 2012. SP Dow Jones Indices. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. Stewart, J.B., 2012. When Debating the Auto Bailout, Consider Lehman’s Fate. The New York Times, [online] 9 March. Available at: [Accessed 25 November 2012]. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2012. The Financial Crisis Response In Charts [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 26 November 2012]. Appendex Appendix 1 A CDS is a derivative that enables the buyer to claim compensation from the seller if the underlying asset (such as a Mortgage Backed Securities or MBS) defaults. While useful for hedging purposes and as assessment tool for credit risk (a rising CDS premium indicates increasing risk for the underlying asset), it can be misused for speculative investing, as it does not require the buyer (or the seller) to actually hold the underlying asset. Appendix 2 The SEC required every issuer of a new security to acquire a risk rating from a NRSRO in order to enable potential buyers to assess its risk and allow regulators to determine capital requirements (which were based on risk-adjusted assets). Those credit rating agencies privileged enough to have received NRSRO designation (namely the big three, SP, Moody’s, and Fitch) slowly realigned their business models to accommodate issuers’ needs to purchase ratings by incentivizing employees to issue AAA ratings in order to grow the customer base. As a result, 56 percent of MBS issued between 2005 and 2007 and rated by SP were eventually downgraded (Barth 2009, p.156). Appendix 3 A common practice in the precursor to the crisis was to package mortgage loans into asset-backed securities (ABS, most notoriously, collateralized debt obligations or CDOs) and other securities according to tranches. These tranches were associated with different degrees of risk in order to cater to different investors. Oftentimes, ABS were re-packaged into CDOs squared and cubed. The common misconception prevailed that this would reduce risk by spreading it. In the wake of the crisis, with default rates skyrocketing, it became apparent that this system had become too complex for anyone to unravel, thus making any exposure assessment impossib [1] Rapid economic growth in BRIC countries, and the resulting flood of rent-seeking financial assets, mishaps in bank regulation and supervision, immoral business conduct of key-stakeholders, or the general failure to recognize the emergence of a bubble all conditioned each other and shaped the environment that resulted in the most severe meltdown since the Great Depression. [2] Though the financial crisis was markedly a global phenomenon, the United States were at the epicenter in terms of both causes and effects (Jickling 2009). [3] Federal Reserve Bank, Securities Exchange Commission, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, respectively all regulate and supervise different (but sometimes overlapping) aspects of the US banking system (Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2012). [4] NRSRO – Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations. [5] To put the extent of the liquidity crunch into perspective, the Federal Reserve reacted by purchasing approximately US$1.25 trillion worth of securities (including Treasuries) between 2007 and 2010, compared to US$15 billion over the years prior (Kohn, 2010). [6] This is not to put blame solely on government agencies: Regulators and supervisors were heavily influenced by financial services lobbies (Pagliari and Young, 2012). [7] The Troubled Assets Relieve Program (TARP) is a government program that disbursed approximately US$431 billion to save financial institutions and other business from bankruptcy (CBO 2012, p.1). How to cite The 2007 to 2011 Financial Crisis Causes, Effects and Lessons, Essay examples

Pop Music Lesson free essay sample

From daily lives to movies to music, Love theme is something which is universal and therefore, it is a popular theme that most artiste would based their music on. 3. What is disco? What are the characteristics of this music? Disco is a music genre that was created in the ass. Disco Music are usually played between Tempo 100-130 BPML. Such tempo is neither too fast or too slow, and therefore it encourages dancing for the general audience. The pulse of the rhythm was often emphasized, Vocals were often soaring with the drumbeat behind. 4. What was the British Invasion? Which famous group was a part of this movement?What impact did the group have on pop music? British Invasion refers to the boom popularity of British bands/music groups in America during the ass. Beetles was one of the most famed band during the sass. There are many areas which the group has impacted and influenced Pop Music. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music Lesson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unlike other artistes, Beetles wrote their own songs and created their own record label. That really changed the direction of pop music. 5. What is a boy band? What are some characteristics of a boy band?